The US National Institutes of Health (NIH) has awarded a five-year grant of up to US$28m to establish a new centre for excellence to find an antibody 'cocktail' to fight the deadly Ebola virus. The global project, which involves researchers from 15 institutions, will be led by Erica Ollmann Saphire, Professor at The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI).
Ebola virus causes an extremely virulent disease that leads to death in 25–90% of cases. Outbreaks of the fast-moving virus, which spreads via the blood or other bodily fluids of an infected person, have occurred in Uganda and the Democratic Republic of Congo in recent years.
For decades, scientists thought no antibodies were effective against Ebola virus, but in 2012, research from the US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases showed that a mix of antibodies can stop it. Other labs around the world were simultaneously testing other such antibody cocktails with success.
A whole menu of antibodies was identified as potentially therapeutic, and researchers are eager to figure out which combinations are most effective and why.
With $2.5m of the grant going to Saphire’s laboratory, her team will use X-ray crystallography to study the structure of the antibodies and how they bind to the virus.
'The structures will provide an essential map for understanding how these antibodies work,' Saphire said. 'If we understood why some are more effective than others, and which groupings gave better synergy, we could put together a better cocktail.'
Nearly everyone in the field is contributing antibodies to the project. 'It will not be this lab’s cocktail versus that lab’s cocktail, but an agreement, based upon a blinded study, that what we’ve put together is the best treatment possible from what is available in the world,' said Saphire.
Funding from the grant will also go to TSRI Assistant Professor Andrew Ward for studies using electron microscopy, a different technique for studying molecular structures. TSRI Professor Dennis Burton will contribute antibodies for the study.
Another part of the programme is to develop antibody cocktails to fight other haemorrhagic fever viruses such as Marburg, Sudan and Lassa viruses.
