Screening more than 100 spider toxins, researchers at Yale University in the US have identified a protein from the venom of the Peruvian green velvet tarantula that blunts activity in pain-transmitting neurons.
The findings, reported in the journal Current Biology, show that the new screening method used by the scientists has the potential to search millions of different spider toxins for safe pain-killing drugs and therapies.
The scientists tested the spider toxins on only one of a dozen suspected human pain channels but the likelihood is that within the diversity of spider toxins they will find others that are active against other channels important for pain, said Michael Nitabach, associate professor of cellular and molecular physiology and of genetics at Yale, and senior author of the paper.
The researchers screened the toxins from a variety of tarantula species to find one that blocked TRPA1, an ion channel on the surface of pain-sensing neurons that is implicated in inflammation and neuropathic pain.
In a process they called 'toxineering', the Yale team generated another small library of mutated versions of the tarantula toxin to find one that blocked TRPA1 but had no effect on the activity of other channels on the surface of neurons.
'The beauty of the system is that we can also screen engineered toxins not found in nature, and identify higher-potency and more specific molecular variants that lack deleterious effects on essential nerve functions,’ Nitabach added.
His lab now plans to ramp up efforts to test tens of thousands of new toxins for similar biological activity against pain-sensing neurons.
Junhong Gui and Boyi Liu of Yale are co-lead authors of the study, which was funded by the US National Institutes of Health.
