Scientists find way to target cells resistant to chemotherapy
Bid protein plays a central role in mitosis-related cell death, researchers find
Scientists at the University of Manchester in the UK have identified a way to sensitise cancer cells to chemotherapy and make them more open to treatment.
The study published in Cell Reports, could pave the way for the development of drugs to target cells that have become resistant to treatment.
The researchers made the discovery while exploring the possible mechanisms behind resistance to chemotherapy drugs such as Paclitaxel, often used to treat breast and colon cancer.
Andrew Gilmore, who led the research team at Manchester University, is part of the Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research and the Manchester Cancer Research Centre.
'Cells replicate and divide through a process known as mitosis,' he said. 'This process is carefully controlled and if any mistake is made during normal division then the cell undergoes apoptosis – otherwise known as controlled cell death.
'Failure of cells to complete mitosis correctly can be the start of cancer. We wanted to understand how this failure – delay of cell division - activates apoptosis, and why some cancer cells may be able to avoid being killed.'
Failure of cells to complete mitosis correctly can be the start of cancerCancer cells replicate rapidly and chemotherapy drugs such as paclitaxel target mitosis as a way to kill these quickly dividing cells. But cancer cells can develop resistance to the drugs.
The researchers found a particular protein known as ‘Bid’ in colon cancer cells, and looked at what happened when Bid was switched on.
Their results show that Bid is turned on as cells prepare to divide. This primes the cells to die if cell division takes too long. Cancer cells that were resistant to chemotherapy still turned Bid on, but went through mitosis too quickly for it to kill the cell. However, these resistant cells could be made to die by directly targeting the part of the cell where Bid works.
'Our findings demonstrate that Bid plays a central role in mitosis-related cell death. This opens up new areas of research into drugs that might be able to kill cancer cells that have become resistant to chemotherapy. This could eventually be of huge benefit in a clinical setting and help patients who suffer from advanced stages of colon cancer,' Gilmore added.
