Spanish researchers have developed on a nanometric scale a new drug that combines photothermia and chemotherapy to help fight cancer.
Until now, this new drug has been applied to human glioma cell cultures in the laboratory, and the results are particularly interesting for the treatment of melanoma and solid tumors of the nervous system such as gliomas. The work was co-ordinated by Professor Eduardo Fernández Jover (Miguel Hernández University of Elche) and Pablo Botella, researcher at the Institute of Chemical Technology of Valencia.
The new drug consists of hybrid particles containing clusters of gold nanoparticles protected by a covering of porous silica that incorporates molecules of the antitumour drug camptothecin. The gold nanoclusters have photothermal activity, absorbing the light generated by a biomedical laser.
Botella explains that while organic tissues are virtually transparent to this radiation, its absorption by the gold nanoclusters causes a large local temperature increase. ‘When this occurs within a cancer cell, the high internal stress leads to its destruction,’ he explains.
The accumulation of these nanoparticles in cancer cells is greatly favoured by the increase of vascular permeability that occurs at a tumour level. Furthermore, the release of chemotherapeutic agents transported inside the porous cover of the particles, eliminates those malignant cells that have not been reached by the laser. ‘This ensures much greater effectiveness than traditional therapy, and the absence of side-effects from the antitumour drug in other tissues,’ says Professor Fernández.
The study has completed its initial phase conducted on cell cultures and, currently, there are plans to develop the next preclinical stage on animal models of skin cancer and gliomas. However, the researchers say it is still early days to start on humans.
